@charset "UTF-8";
:root { --paper: #f6f3eb; --ink: #203b35; --muted: #59645e; --gold: #80602e; --line: #ddd9cc; --label-size: .8125rem; --small-text: .875rem; --serif: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; --sans: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; }
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 110px; }
body { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper); font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75; }
a { color: inherit; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
a, button, select { scroll-margin-block: 110px 90px; }
button { font: inherit; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
figure { margin: 0; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, p { margin-block-start: 0; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(32px, 3.5vw, 48px); line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -.035em; }
p { margin-block-end: 1.35em; }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: 6px; border-radius: 2px; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; top: 8px; inset-inline-start: 12px; padding: 10px 24px; transform: translateY(-150%); background: var(--ink); color: white; z-index: 100; }
.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }
.small-label { color: var(--gold); font-size: var(--label-size); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 1.5; }
.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 20; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 30px; min-height: 90px; padding: 14px max(5%, calc((100vw - 1180px) / 2)); background: var(--paper); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.wordmark { display: inline-block; font-family: var(--serif); letter-spacing: .16em; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none; line-height: 1.2; }
.main-nav { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-inline-start: auto; }
.main-nav a, .languages a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 44px; font-size: var(--small-text); text-decoration: none; padding: 8px 12px; }
.main-nav a { border-radius: 4px; }
.main-nav a[aria-current] { background: #e8e5d9; box-shadow: inset 0 -2px var(--gold); }
.main-nav a:hover { color: var(--gold); }
.languages { display: flex; gap: 4px; border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--line); padding-inline-start: 20px; }
.languages a { color: var(--muted); }
.languages a[aria-current] { color: var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gold); }
.hero { position: relative; isolation: isolate; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 1fr; align-items: center; column-gap: 70px; max-width: 1180px; min-height: 645px; margin: auto; padding: 65px 0 90px; }
.hero-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(60px, 6.4vw, 92px); letter-spacing: -.055em; line-height: 1.07; margin-bottom: 26px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.hero-copy h1 em { color: var(--gold); font-style: normal; }
.hero-copy .small-label { margin-bottom: 27px; }
.hero-role { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 13px; }
.hero-description { color: var(--muted); max-width: 390px; font-size: var(--small-text); line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 31px; }
.primary-link { display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 40px; padding: 13px 21px; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); text-decoration: none; font-size: var(--small-text); border: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.primary-link:hover { background: #31534a; }
.primary-link span { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1; }
.hero-portrait { position: relative; padding: 43px 22px; }
.hero-portrait::before { content: ''; position: absolute; z-index: -1; inset: 0 0 0 22px; border: 1px solid #d9cfb6; border-radius: 190px 190px 0 0; background-color: #ece7da; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, transparent, transparent 25px, #d9cfb644 26px, transparent 27px), repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent, transparent 25px, #d9cfb644 26px, transparent 27px); }
.portrait-frame { padding: 11px; background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid #d8c9ae; transform: rotate(-2deg); }
.hero-photo img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 303 / 200; object-fit: cover; filter: sepia(.2); }
.hero-photo figcaption { padding: 12px 8px 4px; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: var(--small-text); text-align: center; }
.portrait-note { display: block; margin-top: 28px; padding-inline: 20px; font-size: var(--label-size); color: var(--muted); letter-spacing: .12em; text-align: end; }
.hero-bottom { position: absolute; bottom: 20px; inset-inline: 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 15px; color: var(--gold); font-size: var(--label-size); letter-spacing: .15em; }
.section-wrap { max-width: 1180px; margin-inline: auto; }
.biography-intro { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .85fr 1.3fr; gap: 90px; padding-block: 74px 84px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.biography-intro h2 { max-width: 380px; }
.intro-text > p { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.8; }
.life-facts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 18px; padding-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.life-facts dt { font-size: var(--label-size); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 5px; }
.life-facts dd { margin: 0; font-size: var(--label-size); }
.chronology { padding-top: 78px; }
.section-heading { max-width: 680px; margin-bottom: 56px; }
.section-heading h2 { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.section-heading > p:last-child { font-size: var(--small-text); color: var(--muted); max-width: 490px; }
.timeline-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 230px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 48px; align-items: start; }
.chapter-sidebar { position: sticky; top: 127px; padding-block: 7px; }
.chapter-sidebar > .small-label { margin-bottom: 24px; }
.chapter-sidebar nav a { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 14px; padding: 16px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); border-inline-start: 3px solid transparent; text-decoration: none; font-size: var(--small-text); line-height: 1.6; }
.chapter-sidebar nav a > span { color: var(--gold); font: var(--small-text)/1.6 var(--serif); }
.chapter-sidebar nav a[aria-current] { color: var(--ink); background: #e8e5d9; border-inline-start-color: var(--gold); }
.chapter-sidebar nav a:hover { background: #eeeadf; }
.chapter-sidebar small { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--small-text); margin-top: 5px; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.calendar-note { font-size: var(--small-text); color: var(--muted); margin-top: 27px; max-width: 210px; }
.mobile-chapter-menu { display: none; }
.era { margin-bottom: 58px; }
.era-heading { padding: 0 0 28px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); margin-bottom: 35px; }
.era-heading h3 { font-size: 29px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 13px 0 0; }
.timeline-entry { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 145px minmax(0, 1fr); position: relative; }
.year { position: relative; color: var(--gold); padding-inline-end: 28px; padding-block: 5px 38px; border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--line); font: 25px/1.4 var(--serif); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.year::after { content: ''; position: absolute; inset-inline-end: -4px; top: 16px; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--gold); box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px var(--paper); }
.year span { display: block; white-space: nowrap; }
.year-range { font-size: 19px; padding-top: 9px; }
.entry-content { min-width: 0; padding: 0 0 43px 32px; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding-inline-end: 0; }
.entry-content h4 { font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 15px; }
.entry-content p { max-width: 70ch; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.85; color: #43534c; margin-bottom: 22px; }
.entry-body { display: flow-root; max-width: 70ch; }
.entry-photos { float: inline-end; width: 215px; max-width: 100%; margin-inline-start: 26px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.entry-photos .inline-photo { margin-top: 0; }
.entry-photos .inline-photo + .inline-photo { margin-top: 20px; }
.entry-content p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.reference-links { font-size: var(--small-text); line-height: 1.7; color: var(--muted); margin-inline-start: .4em; }
.reference-links a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 28px; min-height: 28px; color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.references { padding-block: 12px 50px; }
.references h2 { font-size: 28px; letter-spacing: 0; margin-bottom: 18px; }
.references details { border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.references summary { padding: 16px 10px; font-size: var(--small-text); cursor: pointer; }
.references ol { margin: 0; padding: 20px 0 12px; padding-inline-start: 32px; }
.references li { max-width: 75ch; padding: 10px 8px 16px; font-size: var(--small-text); scroll-margin-top: 150px; }
.references li > a { font-weight: 600; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.references li p { color: var(--muted); margin: 9px 0 0; }
.references li:target { background: #e8e5d9; }
[dir="rtl"] .references ol { list-style-type: persian; }
.context-label { display: block; color: var(--gold); font-size: var(--small-text); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .08em; margin-bottom: 9px; }
.context-entry .entry-content { background: #ebe8df; padding: 22px 26px; margin-inline-start: 25px; margin-bottom: 36px; border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--gold); }
.context-entry .year { padding-top: 22px; }
.context-entry .year::after { top: 33px; }
.gap-entry .entry-content p { color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; }
.photo-link { display: block; position: relative; background: #e8e3d8; overflow: hidden; }
.photo-link img { transition: transform .3s ease; width: 100%; }
.photo-link:hover img { transform: scale(1.025); }
.zoom-mark { display: grid; place-items: center; position: absolute; bottom: 10px; inset-inline-end: 10px; width: 30px; height: 30px; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); font-size: 18px; opacity: .95; }
.inline-photo { max-width: 280px; margin-top: 28px; padding: 9px; background: #ede8dc; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
figcaption { font-size: var(--small-text); color: var(--muted); padding-block: 10px 0; line-height: 1.65; }
.gallery { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-block: 70px 78px; }
.gallery-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 30px; }
.gallery-grid figure { padding: 13px; background: #ede8dc; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.gallery-grid img { aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: contain; background: #e5e0d4; }
.gallery-grid figcaption { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 15px; padding: 15px 3px 5px; }
.site-footer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 30px; padding: 36px max(5%, calc((100vw - 1180px) / 2)); background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
.site-footer .wordmark { font-size: 18px; }
.site-footer p { font-size: var(--label-size); margin: 9px 0 0; color: #c4cbc5; }
.site-footer a, .site-footer > span { font-size: var(--label-size); }
.photo-dialog { position: fixed; padding: 48px 28px 24px; border: 1px solid #7e887c; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); max-width: min(94vw, 960px); max-height: 92dvh; }
.photo-dialog::backdrop { background: rgba(14, 28, 24, .88); }
.photo-dialog figure { margin: 0; }
.modal-image { max-width: min(85vw, 820px); max-height: 70dvh; min-width: min(55vw, 500px); width: auto; object-fit: contain; margin-inline: auto; }
.photo-dialog figcaption { font-size: var(--small-text); text-align: center; padding-top: 18px; }
.modal-close { position: absolute; top: 3px; inset-inline-end: 7px; border: 0; width: 42px; height: 42px; font-size: 29px; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer; color: var(--ink); background: transparent; }
.modal-open { overflow: hidden; }
[dir="rtl"] { --label-size: .9375rem; --small-text: 1rem; --serif: Tahoma, 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; --sans: Tahoma, 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; }
[dir="rtl"] .small-label, [dir="rtl"] .hero-bottom, [dir="rtl"] .life-facts dt { letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.8; }
[dir="rtl"] .hero-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(52px, 5.7vw, 82px); line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0; }
[dir="rtl"] .hero-role { font-size: 20px; }
[dir="rtl"] .entry-content h4 { font-size: 21px; }
[dir="rtl"] .entry-content p { font-size: 17px; line-height: 2.1; }
[dir="rtl"] figcaption, [dir="rtl"] .gallery-grid figcaption { font-size: var(--small-text); line-height: 1.9; }
[dir="rtl"] .chapter-sidebar small { letter-spacing: 0; }
[dir="rtl"] h2 { line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0; font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 38px); }
[dir="rtl"] .era-heading h3 { font-size: 25px; }
[dir="rtl"] .wordmark { font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; }
[dir="rtl"] .portrait-frame { transform: rotate(2deg); }
@media (max-width: 1320px) { .hero, .section-wrap { margin-inline: 6%; } .hero { column-gap: 6vw; } }
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
  .entry-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
  .entry-text { order: 0; }
  .entry-photos { order: 1; float: none; width: 280px; margin: 24px 0 0; }
  .timeline-entry { grid-template-columns: 125px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .year-range { font-size: 17px; }
  .site-header { gap: 14px; }
  .main-nav a, .languages a { padding-inline: 9px; }
}
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .hero { min-height: 590px; } .hero-copy h1 { font-size: 67px; }
  .timeline-layout { grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 35px; }
  .timeline-entry { grid-template-columns: 117px minmax(0, 1fr); } .year { font-size: 21px; } .year-range { font-size: 16px; }
  .biography-intro { gap: 45px; } .life-facts { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .life-facts div { display: flex; gap: 14px; align-items: baseline; } .life-facts dt { min-width: 100px; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  html { scroll-padding-top: 136px; }
  body { padding-bottom: calc(90px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom)); }
  .hero, .section-wrap { margin-inline: 5%; }
  .site-header { min-height: 68px; padding: 8px 5%; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: nowrap; background: var(--paper); }
  .wordmark { font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: .12em; }
  .languages { margin-inline-start: auto; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 7px; gap: 0; }
  .languages a { display: grid; place-items: center; min-width: 42px; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 6px; font-size: var(--small-text); border-radius: 5px; }
  .languages a[aria-current] { border: 0; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
  .main-nav { position: fixed; bottom: 0; inset-inline: 0; display: flex; gap: 5px; padding: 9px 4% calc(9px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom)); margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--paper); box-shadow: 0 -4px 20px #203b3509; }
  .main-nav a { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex: 1; min-width: 0; min-height: 46px; padding: 6px; font-size: var(--small-text); line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; border-radius: 6px; }
  .main-nav a[aria-current] { color: var(--ink); background: #e8e5d9; box-shadow: inset 0 -2px var(--gold); }
  .hero { padding-top: 36px; column-gap: 25px; min-height: 470px; }
  .hero-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(43px, 7.6vw, 58px); }
  .hero-role { font-size: 19px; } .hero-description { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; }
  .primary-link { min-height: 48px; font-size: var(--small-text); padding: 12px 18px; }
  .hero-portrait { padding: 28px 12px; } .hero-photo figcaption { font-size: var(--small-text); }
  .portrait-note { display: none; }
  .biography-intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; padding-block: 40px; }
  .biography-intro h2 { max-width: 490px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .intro-text > p { font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.8; }
  .life-facts { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; padding-top: 4px; }
  .life-facts div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 105px minmax(0, 1fr); align-items: baseline; gap: 16px; padding-block: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .life-facts dt { min-width: 0; font-size: var(--label-size); margin: 0; } .life-facts dd { font-size: var(--small-text); line-height: 1.8; }
  .chronology { padding-top: 42px; } .section-heading { margin-bottom: 28px; }
  .section-heading > p:last-child { font-size: 15px; }
  .timeline-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 24px; }
  .chapter-sidebar { position: static; padding: 0; } .chapter-sidebar > .small-label { display: none; }
  .chapter-sidebar nav { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0 20px; }
  .chapter-sidebar nav a { min-height: 60px; font-size: var(--small-text); padding-block: 12px; }
  .calendar-note { max-width: none; margin: 0; font-size: var(--small-text); line-height: 1.8; }
  .js .chapter-sidebar nav { display: none; }
  .js .mobile-chapter-menu { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; position: sticky; z-index: 10; top: 68px; padding: 8px 10px; background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px #203b3508; }
  .mobile-chapter-menu label { flex-shrink: 0; color: var(--gold); font-size: var(--label-size); }
  .mobile-chapter-menu select { width: 100%; min-width: 0; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 4px; font: var(--small-text)/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper); border: 0; cursor: pointer; }
  .chapter-go { display: grid; place-items: center; flex-shrink: 0; min-width: 44px; min-height: 44px; padding: 7px; border: 1px solid var(--ink); border-radius: 4px; background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); cursor: pointer; }
  .era { margin-bottom: 32px; } .era-heading { padding-bottom: 22px; margin-bottom: 28px; }
  .timeline-entry { display: block; border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--line); margin-inline-start: 5px; padding-inline-start: 22px; }
  .year { border: 0; padding: 0 0 15px; font-size: 20px; }
  .year span { display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px 11px; border-radius: 3px; background: #ebe6d9; line-height: 1.5; }
  .year::after { inset-inline-start: -26px; inset-inline-end: auto; top: 15px; }
  .entry-content { padding: 0 0 40px; }
  .entry-content h4 { font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.35; margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .entry-content p { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 21px; }
  .context-entry .year { padding-top: 0; } .context-entry .year::after { top: 15px; }
  .context-entry .entry-content { margin-inline-start: 0; padding: 18px; margin-bottom: 32px; }
  .inline-photo { max-width: 310px; margin-top: 22px; } figcaption { font-size: var(--small-text); }
  .entry-photos { width: 310px; }
  .zoom-mark { width: 38px; height: 38px; }
  .gallery { padding-block: 40px; } .gallery-grid { gap: 20px; }
  .gallery-grid figure { padding: 10px; } .gallery-grid figcaption { font-size: var(--small-text); }
  .site-footer { padding-block: 28px; gap: 24px; } .site-footer a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; font-size: var(--small-text); }
  .photo-dialog { width: calc(100% - 24px); max-width: 560px; max-height: calc(100dvh - 32px); padding: 60px 16px 20px; border-radius: 10px; overscroll-behavior: contain; }
  .modal-close { min-width: 48px; min-height: 48px; top: 6px; inset-inline-end: 8px; background: #e8e5d9; border-radius: 50%; }
  .modal-image { width: 100%; min-width: 0; max-width: 100%; max-height: calc(100dvh - 170px); }
  .photo-dialog figcaption { font-size: var(--small-text); }
  [dir="rtl"] .hero-copy h1 { font-size: 48px; line-height: 1.35; }
  [dir="rtl"] .entry-content h4 { font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.7; }
  [dir="rtl"] .entry-content p { font-size: 17px; line-height: 2.1; }
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .hero { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; padding: 28px 0 63px; gap: 24px; min-height: 0; }
  .hero-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(48px, 14vw, 66px); margin-bottom: 17px; }
  .hero-copy .small-label { margin-bottom: 16px; } .hero-role { font-size: 20px; }
  .hero-description { max-width: 350px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .hero-portrait { width: 74%; max-width: 280px; align-self: center; padding: 19px 8px; }
  .hero-portrait::before { inset-inline-start: 8px; }
  .portrait-frame { padding: 8px; } .hero-photo figcaption { padding-block: 8px 2px; font-size: var(--label-size); }
  .hero-bottom { bottom: 12px; font-size: var(--label-size); letter-spacing: .1em; }
  .era-heading h3 { font-size: 26px; }
  .gallery-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .gallery-grid figure { padding: 12px; }
  .gallery-grid figcaption { font-size: 15px; } .gallery-grid img { aspect-ratio: auto; }
  .site-footer { flex-wrap: wrap; } .site-footer > span { width: 100%; }
  [dir="rtl"] .hero-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(43px, 12vw, 58px); }
}
@media (max-width: 360px) {
  .wordmark { font-size: 15px; }
  .languages a { min-width: 40px; padding-inline: 4px; }
  .main-nav a { font-size: var(--small-text); }
  .life-facts div { grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } .photo-link img { transition: none; } }
@media print {
  body { background: white; color: black; font-size: 11pt; padding-bottom: 0; } .site-header, .chapter-sidebar, .primary-link, .hero-bottom, .site-footer, .zoom-mark, dialog, .js .mobile-chapter-menu { display: none; }
  .hero, .section-wrap { margin: 0; padding: 20px 0; } .hero { min-height: 0; } .hero-copy h1 { font-size: 40pt; }
  .timeline-layout { display: block; } .timeline-entry { break-inside: avoid; } .hero-portrait { max-width: 280px; }
  .biography-intro { gap: 30px; } a { text-decoration: none; } .gallery { break-before: page; }
}